GNU bash 4.4-release - en to unknown language translation catalogue (107 entries)

en: %s is aliased to `%s'
target: %s is aliased to ‘%s’

en: %s%s%s: %s (error token is "%s")
target: %s%s%s: %s (error token is “%s”)

en: %s: first non-whitespace character is not `"'
target: %s: first non-whitespace character is not ‘"’

en: %s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names
target: %s: restricted: cannot specify ‘/’ in command names

en: Add directories to stack.
        
        Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
        the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
        directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
        		directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        		from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
        		zero) is at the top.
        
          -N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        		from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
        		zero) is at the top.
        
          dir	Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the
        		new current working directory.
        
        The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory
        change fails.
target: Add directories to stack.
        
        Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
        the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
        directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
        		directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        		from the left of the list shown by ‘dirs’, starting with
        		zero) is at the top.
        
          -N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        		from the right of the list shown by ‘dirs’, starting with
        		zero) is at the top.
        
          dir	Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the
        		new current working directory.
        
        The ‘dirs’ builtin displays the directory stack.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory
        change fails.

en: Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
        the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
        directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
        	directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        	from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
        	zero) is at the top.
        
          -N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        	from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
        	zero) is at the top.
        
          dir	Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the
        	new current working directory.
        
        The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.
target: Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
        the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
        directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
        	directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        	from the left of the list shown by ‘dirs’, starting with
        	zero) is at the top.
        
          -N	Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
        	from the right of the list shown by ‘dirs’, starting with
        	zero) is at the top.
        
          dir	Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the
        	new current working directory.
        
        The ‘dirs’ builtin displays the directory stack.

en: Change the shell working directory.
        
        Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the
        HOME shell variable.
        
        The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
        DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
        A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins
        with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.
        
        If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,
        the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,
        its value is used for DIR.
        
        Options:
          -L	force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic
        		links in DIR after processing instances of `..'
          -P	use the physical directory structure without following
        		symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before
        		processing instances of `..'
          -e	if the -P option is supplied, and the current working
        		directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with
        		a non-zero status
          -@	on systems that support it, present a file with extended
        		attributes as a directory containing the file attributes
        
        The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
        `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
        back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
        -P is used; non-zero otherwise.
target: Change the shell working directory.
        
        Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the
        HOME shell variable.
        
        The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
        DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
        A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins
        with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.
        
        If the directory is not found, and the shell option ‘cdable_vars’ is set,
        the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,
        its value is used for DIR.
        
        Options:
          -L	force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic
        		links in DIR after processing instances of ‘..’
          -P	use the physical directory structure without following
        		symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before
        		processing instances of ‘..’
          -e	if the -P option is supplied, and the current working
        		directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with
        		a non-zero status
          -@	on systems that support it, present a file with extended
        		attributes as a directory containing the file attributes
        
        The default is to follow symbolic links, as if ‘-L’ were specified.
        ‘..’ is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
        back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
        -P is used; non-zero otherwise.

en: Common shell variable names and usage.
        
        BASH_VERSION	Version information for this Bash.
        CDPATH	A colon-separated list of directories to search
        		for directories given as arguments to `cd'.
        GLOBIGNORE	A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to
        		be ignored by pathname expansion.
        HISTFILE	The name of the file where your command history is stored.
        HISTFILESIZE	The maximum number of lines this file can contain.
        HISTSIZE	The maximum number of history lines that a running
        		shell can access.
        HOME	The complete pathname to your login directory.
        HOSTNAME	The name of the current host.
        HOSTTYPE	The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.
        IGNOREEOF	Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF
        		character as the sole input.  If set, then the value
        		of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen
        		in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit
        		(default 10).  When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.
        MACHTYPE	A string describing the current system Bash is running on.
        MAILCHECK	How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.
        MAILPATH	A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks
        		for new mail.
        OSTYPE	The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.
        PATH	A colon-separated list of directories to search when
        		looking for commands.
        PROMPT_COMMAND	A command to be executed before the printing of each
        		primary prompt.
        PS1		The primary prompt string.
        PS2		The secondary prompt string.
        PWD		The full pathname of the current directory.
        SHELLOPTS	A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.
        TERM	The name of the current terminal type.
        TIMEFORMAT	The output format for timing statistics displayed by the
        		`time' reserved word.
        auto_resume	Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by
        		itself is first looked for in the list of currently
        		stopped jobs.  If found there, that job is foregrounded.
        		A value of `exact' means that the command word must
        		exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs.  A
        		value of `substring' means that the command word must
        		match a substring of the job.  Any other value means that
        		the command must be a prefix of a stopped job.
        histchars	Characters controlling history expansion and quick
        		substitution.  The first character is the history
        		substitution character, usually `!'.  The second is
        		the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'.  The
        		third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'.
        HISTIGNORE	A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which
        		commands should be saved on the history list.
target: Common shell variable names and usage.
        
        BASH_VERSION	Version information for this Bash.
        CDPATH	A colon-separated list of directories to search
        		for directories given as arguments to ‘cd’.
        GLOBIGNORE	A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to
        		be ignored by pathname expansion.
        HISTFILE	The name of the file where your command history is stored.
        HISTFILESIZE	The maximum number of lines this file can contain.
        HISTSIZE	The maximum number of history lines that a running
        		shell can access.
        HOME	The complete pathname to your login directory.
        HOSTNAME	The name of the current host.
        HOSTTYPE	The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.
        IGNOREEOF	Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF
        		character as the sole input.  If set, then the value
        		of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen
        		in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit
        		(default 10).  When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.
        MACHTYPE	A string describing the current system Bash is running on.
        MAILCHECK	How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.
        MAILPATH	A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks
        		for new mail.
        OSTYPE	The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.
        PATH	A colon-separated list of directories to search when
        		looking for commands.
        PROMPT_COMMAND	A command to be executed before the printing of each
        		primary prompt.
        PS1		The primary prompt string.
        PS2		The secondary prompt string.
        PWD		The full pathname of the current directory.
        SHELLOPTS	A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.
        TERM	The name of the current terminal type.
        TIMEFORMAT	The output format for timing statistics displayed by the
        		‘time’ reserved word.
        auto_resume	Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by
        		itself is first looked for in the list of currently
        		stopped jobs.  If found there, that job is foregrounded.
        		A value of ‘exact’ means that the command word must
        		exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs.  A
        		value of ‘substring’ means that the command word must
        		match a substring of the job.  Any other value means that
        		the command must be a prefix of a stopped job.
        histchars	Characters controlling history expansion and quick
        		substitution.  The first character is the history
        		substitution character, usually ‘!’.  The second is
        		the ‘quick substitution’ character, usually ‘^’.  The
        		third is the ‘history comment’ character, usually ‘#’.
        HISTIGNORE	A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which
        		commands should be saved on the history list.

en: Create a coprocess named NAME.
        
        Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard
        input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned
        to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.
        The default NAME is "COPROC".
        
        Exit Status:
        The coproc command returns an exit status of 0.
target: Create a coprocess named NAME.
        
        Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard
        input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned
        to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.
        The default NAME is “COPROC”.
        
        Exit Status:
        The coproc command returns an exit status of 0.

en: Define local variables.
        
        Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE.  OPTION can
        be any option accepted by `declare'.
        
        Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible
        only to the function where they are defined and its children.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable
        assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.
target: Define local variables.
        
        Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE.  OPTION can
        be any option accepted by ‘declare’.
        
        Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible
        only to the function where they are defined and its children.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable
        assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.

en: Define or display aliases.
        
        Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable
        form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output.
        
        Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.
        A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for
        alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
        
        Options:
          -p	print all defined aliases in a reusable format
        
        Exit Status:
        alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been
        defined.
target: Define or display aliases.
        
        Without arguments, ‘alias’ prints the list of aliases in the reusable
        form ‘alias NAME=VALUE’ on standard output.
        
        Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.
        A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for
        alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
        
        Options:
          -p	print all defined aliases in a reusable format
        
        Exit Status:
        alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been
        defined.

en: Display directory stack.
        
        Display the list of currently remembered directories.  Directories
        find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get
        back up through the list with the `popd' command.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements
          -l	do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative
        		to your home directory
          -p	print the directory stack with one entry per line
          -v	print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed
        		with its position in the stack
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        		shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with
        		zero.
        
          -N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        		shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with
        		zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.
target: Display directory stack.
        
        Display the list of currently remembered directories.  Directories
        find their way onto the list with the ‘pushd’ command; you can get
        back up through the list with the ‘popd’ command.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements
          -l	do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative
        		to your home directory
          -p	print the directory stack with one entry per line
          -v	print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed
        		with its position in the stack
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        		shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with
        		zero.
        
          -N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        		shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with
        		zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.

en: Display information about command type.
        
        For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
        command name.
        
        Options:
          -a	display all locations containing an executable named NAME;
        		includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if
        		the `-p' option is not also used
          -f	suppress shell function lookup
          -P	force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,
        		builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file
        		that would be executed
          -p	returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,
        		or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'
          -t	output a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword',
        		`function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias,
        		shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file,
        		or not found, respectively
        
        Arguments:
          NAME	Command name to be interpreted.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found.
target: Display information about command type.
        
        For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
        command name.
        
        Options:
          -a	display all locations containing an executable named NAME;
        		includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if
        		the ‘-p’ option is not also used
          -f	suppress shell function lookup
          -P	force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,
        		builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file
        		that would be executed
          -p	returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,
        		or nothing if ‘type -t NAME’ would not return ‘file’
          -t	output a single word which is one of ‘alias’, ‘keyword’,
        		‘function’, ‘builtin’, ‘file’ or ‘’, if NAME is an alias,
        		shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file,
        		or not found, respectively
        
        Arguments:
          NAME	Command name to be interpreted.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found.

en: Display or execute commands from the history list.
        
        fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.
        FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a
        string, which means the most recent command beginning with that
        string.
        
        Options:
          -e ENAME	select which editor to use.  Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,
        		then vi
          -l 	list lines instead of editing
          -n	omit line numbers when listing
          -r	reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)
        
        With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is
        re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.
        
        A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'
        runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes
        the last command.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs.
target: Display or execute commands from the history list.
        
        fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.
        FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a
        string, which means the most recent command beginning with that
        string.
        
        Options:
          -e ENAME	select which editor to use.  Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,
        		then vi
          -l 	list lines instead of editing
          -n	omit line numbers when listing
          -r	reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)
        
        With the ‘fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]’ format, COMMAND is
        re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.
        
        A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing ‘r cc’
        runs the last command beginning with ‘cc’ and typing ‘r’ re-executes
        the last command.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs.

en: Display or manipulate the history list.
        
        Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified
        entry with a `*'.  An argument of N lists only the last N entries.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the history list by deleting all of the entries
          -d offset	delete the history entry at position OFFSET.
        
          -a	append history lines from this session to the history file
          -n	read all history lines not already read from the history file
        		and append them to the history list
          -r	read the history file and append the contents to the history
        		list
          -w	write the current history to the history file
        
          -p	perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result
        		without storing it in the history list
          -s	append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry
        
        If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file.  Otherwise,
        if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.
        
        If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used
        as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated
        with each displayed history entry.  No time stamps are printed otherwise.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.
target: Display or manipulate the history list.
        
        Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified
        entry with a ‘*’.  An argument of N lists only the last N entries.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the history list by deleting all of the entries
          -d offset	delete the history entry at position OFFSET.
        
          -a	append history lines from this session to the history file
          -n	read all history lines not already read from the history file
        		and append them to the history list
          -r	read the history file and append the contents to the history
        		list
          -w	write the current history to the history file
        
          -p	perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result
        		without storing it in the history list
          -s	append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry
        
        If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file.  Otherwise,
        if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.
        
        If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used
        as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated
        with each displayed history entry.  No time stamps are printed otherwise.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.

en: Display the list of currently remembered directories.  Directories
        find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get
        back up through the list with the `popd' command.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements
          -l	do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative
        	to your home directory
          -p	print the directory stack with one entry per line
          -v	print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed
        	with its position in the stack
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by
        	dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
        
          -N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by
    	dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
target: Display the list of currently remembered directories.  Directories
        find their way onto the list with the ‘pushd’ command; you can get
        back up through the list with the ‘popd’ command.
        
        Options:
          -c	clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements
          -l	do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative
        	to your home directory
          -p	print the directory stack with one entry per line
          -v	print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed
        	with its position in the stack
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by
        	dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
        
          -N	Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by
    	dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.

en: Enable and disable shell builtins.
        
        Enables and disables builtin shell commands.  Disabling allows you to
        execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
        without using a full pathname.
        
        Options:
          -a	print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled
          -n	disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins
          -p	print the list of builtins in a reusable format
          -s	print only the names of Posix `special' builtins
        
        Options controlling dynamic loading:
          -f	Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME
          -d	Remove a builtin loaded with -f
        
        Without options, each NAME is enabled.
        
        To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin
        version, type `enable -n test'.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs.
target: Enable and disable shell builtins.
        
        Enables and disables builtin shell commands.  Disabling allows you to
        execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
        without using a full pathname.
        
        Options:
          -a	print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled
          -n	disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins
          -p	print the list of builtins in a reusable format
          -s	print only the names of Posix ‘special’ builtins
        
        Options controlling dynamic loading:
          -f	Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME
          -d	Remove a builtin loaded with -f
        
        Without options, each NAME is enabled.
        
        To use the ‘test’ found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin
        version, type ‘enable -n test’.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs.

en: Evaluate arithmetic expression.
        
        The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic
        evaluation.  Equivalent to "let EXPRESSION".
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise.
target: Evaluate arithmetic expression.
        
        The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic
        evaluation.  Equivalent to “let EXPRESSION”.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise.

en: Evaluate conditional expression.
        
        Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
        the evaluation of EXPR.  Expressions may be unary or binary.  Unary
        expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.  There
        are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
        
        The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments.  Read the
        bash manual page for the complete specification.
        
        File operators:
        
          -a FILE        True if file exists.
          -b FILE        True if file is block special.
          -c FILE        True if file is character special.
          -d FILE        True if file is a directory.
          -e FILE        True if file exists.
          -f FILE        True if file exists and is a regular file.
          -g FILE        True if file is set-group-id.
          -h FILE        True if file is a symbolic link.
          -L FILE        True if file is a symbolic link.
          -k FILE        True if file has its `sticky' bit set.
          -p FILE        True if file is a named pipe.
          -r FILE        True if file is readable by you.
          -s FILE        True if file exists and is not empty.
          -S FILE        True if file is a socket.
          -t FD          True if FD is opened on a terminal.
          -u FILE        True if the file is set-user-id.
          -w FILE        True if the file is writable by you.
          -x FILE        True if the file is executable by you.
          -O FILE        True if the file is effectively owned by you.
          -G FILE        True if the file is effectively owned by your group.
          -N FILE        True if the file has been modified since it was last read.
        
          FILE1 -nt FILE2  True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to
                           modification date).
        
          FILE1 -ot FILE2  True if file1 is older than file2.
        
          FILE1 -ef FILE2  True if file1 is a hard link to file2.
        
        String operators:
        
          -z STRING      True if string is empty.
        
          -n STRING
             STRING      True if string is not empty.
        
          STRING1 = STRING2
                         True if the strings are equal.
          STRING1 != STRING2
                         True if the strings are not equal.
          STRING1 < STRING2
                         True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.
          STRING1 > STRING2
                         True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.
        
        Other operators:
        
          -o OPTION      True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.
          -v VAR         True if the shell variable VAR is set.
          -R VAR         True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name
                         reference.
          ! EXPR         True if expr is false.
          EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.
          EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.
        
          arg1 OP arg2   Arithmetic tests.  OP is one of -eq, -ne,
                         -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.
        
        Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,
        less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal
        than ARG2.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
        false or an invalid argument is given.
target: Evaluate conditional expression.
        
        Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
        the evaluation of EXPR.  Expressions may be unary or binary.  Unary
        expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.  There
        are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
        
        The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments.  Read the
        bash manual page for the complete specification.
        
        File operators:
        
          -a FILE        True if file exists.
          -b FILE        True if file is block special.
          -c FILE        True if file is character special.
          -d FILE        True if file is a directory.
          -e FILE        True if file exists.
          -f FILE        True if file exists and is a regular file.
          -g FILE        True if file is set-group-id.
          -h FILE        True if file is a symbolic link.
          -L FILE        True if file is a symbolic link.
          -k FILE        True if file has its ‘sticky’ bit set.
          -p FILE        True if file is a named pipe.
          -r FILE        True if file is readable by you.
          -s FILE        True if file exists and is not empty.
          -S FILE        True if file is a socket.
          -t FD          True if FD is opened on a terminal.
          -u FILE        True if the file is set-user-id.
          -w FILE        True if the file is writable by you.
          -x FILE        True if the file is executable by you.
          -O FILE        True if the file is effectively owned by you.
          -G FILE        True if the file is effectively owned by your group.
          -N FILE        True if the file has been modified since it was last read.
        
          FILE1 -nt FILE2  True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to
                           modification date).
        
          FILE1 -ot FILE2  True if file1 is older than file2.
        
          FILE1 -ef FILE2  True if file1 is a hard link to file2.
        
        String operators:
        
          -z STRING      True if string is empty.
        
          -n STRING
             STRING      True if string is not empty.
        
          STRING1 = STRING2
                         True if the strings are equal.
          STRING1 != STRING2
                         True if the strings are not equal.
          STRING1 < STRING2
                         True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.
          STRING1 > STRING2
                         True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.
        
        Other operators:
        
          -o OPTION      True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.
          -v VAR         True if the shell variable VAR is set.
          -R VAR         True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name
                         reference.
          ! EXPR         True if expr is false.
          EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.
          EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.
        
          arg1 OP arg2   Arithmetic tests.  OP is one of -eq, -ne,
                         -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.
        
        Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,
        less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal
        than ARG2.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
        false or an invalid argument is given.

en: Evaluate conditional expression.
        
        This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must
        be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.
target: Evaluate conditional expression.
        
        This is a synonym for the “test” builtin, but the last argument must
        be a literal ‘]’, to match the opening ‘[’.

en: Execute a simple command or display information about commands.
        
        Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing  shell function lookup, or display
        information about the specified COMMANDs.  Can be used to invoke commands
        on disk when a function with the same name exists.
        
        Options:
          -p    use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of
                the standard utilities
          -v    print a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin
          -V    print a more verbose description of each COMMAND
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found.
target: Execute a simple command or display information about commands.
        
        Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing  shell function lookup, or display
        information about the specified COMMANDs.  Can be used to invoke commands
        on disk when a function with the same name exists.
        
        Options:
          -p    use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of
                the standard utilities
          -v    print a description of COMMAND similar to the ‘type’ builtin
          -V    print a more verbose description of each COMMAND
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found.

en: Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.
        
        Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
        `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.
        
        Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
        ‘until’ COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.
        
        Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
        `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.
        
        Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
        ‘while’ COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Execute commands based on conditional.
        
        The `if COMMANDS' list is executed.  If its exit status is zero, then the
        `then COMMANDS' list is executed.  Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is
        executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding
        `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes.  Otherwise,
        the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present.  The exit status of the
        entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero
        if no condition tested true.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Execute commands based on conditional.
        
        The ‘if COMMANDS’ list is executed.  If its exit status is zero, then the
        ‘then COMMANDS’ list is executed.  Otherwise, each ‘elif COMMANDS’ list is
        executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding
        ‘then COMMANDS’ list is executed and the if command completes.  Otherwise,
        the ‘else COMMANDS’ list is executed, if present.  The exit status of the
        entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero
        if no condition tested true.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Execute commands based on pattern matching.
        
        Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN.  The
        `|' is used to separate multiple patterns.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Execute commands based on pattern matching.
        
        Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN.  The
        ‘|’ is used to separate multiple patterns.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Execute commands for each member in a list.
        
        The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a
        list of items.  If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is
        assumed.  For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and
        the COMMANDS are executed.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Execute commands for each member in a list.
        
        The ‘for’ loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a
        list of items.  If ‘in WORDS ...;’ is not present, then ‘in “$@”’ is
        assumed.  For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and
        the COMMANDS are executed.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Execute conditional command.
        
        Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional
        expression EXPRESSION.  Expressions are composed of the same primaries used
        by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:
        
          ( EXPRESSION )	Returns the value of EXPRESSION
          ! EXPRESSION		True if EXPRESSION is false; else false
          EXPR1 && EXPR2	True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false
          EXPR1 || EXPR2	True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false
        
        When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of
        the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.
        When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator
        is matched as a regular expression.
        
        The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to
        determine the expression's value.
        
        Exit Status:
        0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION.
target: Execute conditional command.
        
        Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional
        expression EXPRESSION.  Expressions are composed of the same primaries used
        by the ‘test’ builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:
        
          ( EXPRESSION )	Returns the value of EXPRESSION
          ! EXPRESSION		True if EXPRESSION is false; else false
          EXPR1 && EXPR2	True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false
          EXPR1 || EXPR2	True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false
        
        When the ‘==’ and ‘!=’ operators are used, the string to the right of
        the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.
        When the ‘=~’ operator is used, the string to the right of the operator
        is matched as a regular expression.
        
        The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to
        determine the expression's value.
        
        Exit Status:
        0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION.

en: Mark shell variables as unchangeable.
        
        Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be
        changed by subsequent assignment.  If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE
        before marking as read-only.
        
        Options:
          -a	refer to indexed array variables
          -A	refer to associative array variables
          -f	refer to shell functions
          -p	display a list of all readonly variables or functions,
        		depending on whether or not the -f option is given
        
        An argument of `--' disables further option processing.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.
target: Mark shell variables as unchangeable.
        
        Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be
        changed by subsequent assignment.  If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE
        before marking as read-only.
        
        Options:
          -a	refer to indexed array variables
          -A	refer to associative array variables
          -f	refer to shell functions
          -p	display a list of all readonly variables or functions,
        		depending on whether or not the -f option is given
        
        An argument of ‘--’ disables further option processing.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.

en: Modify or display completion options.
        
        Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,
        the completion currently being executed.  If no OPTIONs are given, print
        the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.
        
        Options:
        	-o option	Set completion option OPTION for each NAME
        	-D		Change options for the "default" command completion
        	-E		Change options for the "empty" command completion
        
        Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.
        
        Arguments:
        
        Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must
        have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin.  If no NAMEs
        are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating
        completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion
        generator are modified.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not
        have a completion specification defined.
target: Modify or display completion options.
        
        Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,
        the completion currently being executed.  If no OPTIONs are given, print
        the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.
        
        Options:
        	-o option	Set completion option OPTION for each NAME
        	-D		Change options for the “default” command completion
        	-E		Change options for the “empty” command completion
        
        Using ‘+o’ instead of ‘-o’ turns off the specified option.
        
        Arguments:
        
        Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must
        have previously been defined using the ‘complete’ builtin.  If no NAMEs
        are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating
        completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion
        generator are modified.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not
        have a completion specification defined.

en: Modify shell resource limits.
        
        Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes
        it creates, on systems that allow such control.
        
        Options:
          -S	use the `soft' resource limit
          -H	use the `hard' resource limit
          -a	all current limits are reported
          -b	the socket buffer size
          -c	the maximum size of core files created
          -d	the maximum size of a process's data segment
          -e	the maximum scheduling priority (`nice')
          -f	the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
          -i	the maximum number of pending signals
          -k	the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process
          -l	the maximum size a process may lock into memory
          -m	the maximum resident set size
          -n	the maximum number of open file descriptors
          -p	the pipe buffer size
          -q	the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
          -r	the maximum real-time scheduling priority
          -s	the maximum stack size
          -t	the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
          -u	the maximum number of user processes
          -v	the size of virtual memory
          -x	the maximum number of file locks
          -P	the maximum number of pseudoterminals
          -T	the maximum number of threads
        
        Not all options are available on all platforms.
        
        If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the
        special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the
        current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.
        Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed.  If
        no option is given, then -f is assumed.
        
        Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,
        -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled
        number of processes.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.
target: Modify shell resource limits.
        
        Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes
        it creates, on systems that allow such control.
        
        Options:
          -S	use the ‘soft’ resource limit
          -H	use the ‘hard’ resource limit
          -a	all current limits are reported
          -b	the socket buffer size
          -c	the maximum size of core files created
          -d	the maximum size of a process's data segment
          -e	the maximum scheduling priority (‘nice’)
          -f	the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
          -i	the maximum number of pending signals
          -k	the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process
          -l	the maximum size a process may lock into memory
          -m	the maximum resident set size
          -n	the maximum number of open file descriptors
          -p	the pipe buffer size
          -q	the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
          -r	the maximum real-time scheduling priority
          -s	the maximum stack size
          -t	the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
          -u	the maximum number of user processes
          -v	the size of virtual memory
          -x	the maximum number of file locks
          -P	the maximum number of pseudoterminals
          -T	the maximum number of threads
        
        Not all options are available on all platforms.
        
        If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the
        special LIMIT values ‘soft’, ‘hard’, and ‘unlimited’ stand for the
        current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.
        Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed.  If
        no option is given, then -f is assumed.
        
        Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,
        -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled
        number of processes.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.

en: Move jobs to the background.
        
        Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they
        had been started with `&'.  If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion
        of the current job is used.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.
target: Move jobs to the background.
        
        Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they
        had been started with ‘&’.  If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion
        of the current job is used.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.

en: Parse option arguments.
        
        Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters
        as options.
        
        OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter
        is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,
        which should be separated from it by white space.
        
        Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the
        shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and
        the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell
        variable OPTIND.  OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or
        a shell script is invoked.  When an option requires an argument,
        getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.
        
        getopts reports errors in one of two ways.  If the first character
        of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting.  In
        this mode, no error messages are printed.  If an invalid option is
        seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG.  If a
        required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and
        sets OPTARG to the option character found.  If getopts is not in
        silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into
        NAME and unsets OPTARG.  If a required argument is not found, a '?'
        is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is
        printed.
        
        If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the
        printing of error messages, even if the first character of
        OPTSTRING is not a colon.  OPTERR has the value 1 by default.
        
        Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if
        more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is
        encountered or an error occurs.
target: Parse option arguments.
        
        Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters
        as options.
        
        OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter
        is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,
        which should be separated from it by white space.
        
        Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the
        shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and
        the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell
        variable OPTIND.  OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or
        a shell script is invoked.  When an option requires an argument,
        getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.
        
        getopts reports errors in one of two ways.  If the first character
        of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting.  In
        this mode, no error messages are printed.  If an invalid option is
        seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG.  If a
        required argument is not found, getopts places a ‘:’ into NAME and
        sets OPTARG to the option character found.  If getopts is not in
        silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places ‘?’ into
        NAME and unsets OPTARG.  If a required argument is not found, a ‘?’
        is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is
        printed.
        
        If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the
        printing of error messages, even if the first character of
        OPTSTRING is not a colon.  OPTERR has the value 1 by default.
        
        Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if
        more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is
        encountered or an error occurs.

en: Print the name of the current working directory.
        
        Options:
          -L	print the value of $PWD if it names the current working
        		directory
          -P	print the physical directory, without any symbolic links
        
        By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory
        cannot be read.
target: Print the name of the current working directory.
        
        Options:
          -L	print the value of $PWD if it names the current working
        		directory
          -P	print the physical directory, without any symbolic links
        
        By default, ‘pwd’ behaves as if ‘-L’ were specified.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory
        cannot be read.

en: Read lines from a file into an array variable.
        
        A synonym for `mapfile'.
target: Read lines from a file into an array variable.
        
        A synonym for ‘mapfile’.

en: Remove directories from stack.
        
        Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments, removes
        the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
        		directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        		shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd +0'
        		removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second.
        
          -N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        		shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd -0'
        		removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.
        
        The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory
        change fails.
target: Remove directories from stack.
        
        Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments, removes
        the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
        		directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        		shown by ‘dirs’, starting with zero.  For example: ‘popd +0’
        		removes the first directory, ‘popd +1’ the second.
        
          -N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        		shown by ‘dirs’, starting with zero.  For example: ‘popd -0’
        		removes the last directory, ‘popd -1’ the next to last.
        
        The ‘dirs’ builtin displays the directory stack.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory
        change fails.

en: Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments, removes
        the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
        	directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        	shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd +0'
        	removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second.
        
          -N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        	shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd -0'
        	removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.
        
        The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.
target: Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments, removes
        the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
        
        Options:
          -n	Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
        	directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
        
        Arguments:
          +N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
        	shown by ‘dirs’, starting with zero.  For example: ‘popd +0’
        	removes the first directory, ‘popd +1’ the second.
        
          -N	Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
        	shown by ‘dirs’, starting with zero.  For example: ‘popd -0’
        	removes the last directory, ‘popd -1’ the next to last.
        
        The ‘dirs’ builtin displays the directory stack.

en: Replace the shell with the given command.
        
        Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
        ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND.  If COMMAND is not specified,
        any redirections take effect in the current shell.
        
        Options:
          -a name	pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND
          -c	execute COMMAND with an empty environment
          -l	place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND
        
        If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless
        the shell option `execfail' is set.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs.
target: Replace the shell with the given command.
        
        Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.
        ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND.  If COMMAND is not specified,
        any redirections take effect in the current shell.
        
        Options:
          -a name	pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND
          -c	execute COMMAND with an empty environment
          -l	place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND
        
        If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless
        the shell option ‘execfail’ is set.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs.

en: Resume job in foreground.
        
        Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command.  Resume a
        stopped or background job.  JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name
        or a job number.  Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in
        the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an
        argument to `bg'.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the resumed job.
target: Resume job in foreground.
        
        Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the ‘fg’ command.  Resume a
        stopped or background job.  JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name
        or a job number.  Following JOB_SPEC with a ‘&’ places the job in
        the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an
        argument to ‘bg’.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the resumed job.

en: Return the context of the current subroutine call.
        
        Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename".  With EXPR, returns
        "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to
        provide a stack trace.
        
        The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the
        current one; the top frame is frame 0.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR
        is invalid.
target: Return the context of the current subroutine call.
        
        Without EXPR, returns “$line $filename”.  With EXPR, returns
        “$line $subroutine $filename”; this extra information can be used to
        provide a stack trace.
        
        The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the
        current one; the top frame is frame 0.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR
        is invalid.

en: Select words from a list and execute commands.
        
        The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words.  The
        set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each
        preceded by a number.  If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"'
        is assumed.  The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read
        from the standard input.  If the line consists of the number
        corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set
        to that word.  If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are
        redisplayed.  If EOF is read, the command completes.  Any other
        value read causes NAME to be set to null.  The line read is saved
        in the variable REPLY.  COMMANDS are executed after each selection
        until a break command is executed.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.
target: Select words from a list and execute commands.
        
        The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words.  The
        set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each
        preceded by a number.  If ‘in WORDS’ is not present, ‘in “$@”’
        is assumed.  The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read
        from the standard input.  If the line consists of the number
        corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set
        to that word.  If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are
        redisplayed.  If EOF is read, the command completes.  Any other
        value read causes NAME to be set to null.  The line read is saved
        in the variable REPLY.  COMMANDS are executed after each selection
        until a break command is executed.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns the status of the last command executed.

en: Send a signal to a job.
        
        Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by
        SIGSPEC or SIGNUM.  If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then
        SIGTERM is assumed.
        
        Options:
          -s sig	SIG is a signal name
          -n sig	SIG is a signal number
          -l	list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are
        		assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed
          -L	synonym for -l
        
        Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used
        instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit
        on processes that you can create is reached.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.
target: Send a signal to a job.
        
        Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by
        SIGSPEC or SIGNUM.  If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then
        SIGTERM is assumed.
        
        Options:
          -s sig	SIG is a signal name
          -n sig	SIG is a signal number
          -l	list the signal names; if arguments follow ‘-l’ they are
        		assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed
          -L	synonym for -l
        
        Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used
        instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit
        on processes that you can create is reached.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.

en: Set Readline key bindings and variables.
        
        Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a
        Readline variable.  The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to
        that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:
        e.g., bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
        
        Options:
          -m  keymap         Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this
                             command.  Acceptable keymap names are emacs,
                             emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,
                             vi-command, and vi-insert.
          -l                 List names of functions.
          -P                 List function names and bindings.
          -p                 List functions and bindings in a form that can be
                             reused as input.
          -S                 List key sequences that invoke macros and their values
          -s                 List key sequences that invoke macros and their values
                             in a form that can be reused as input.
          -V                 List variable names and values
          -v                 List variable names and values in a form that can
                             be reused as input.
          -q  function-name  Query about which keys invoke the named function.
          -u  function-name  Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.
          -r  keyseq         Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.
          -f  filename       Read key bindings from FILENAME.
          -x  keyseq:shell-command	Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when
        				KEYSEQ is entered.
          -X                 List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands
                             in a form that can be reused as input.
        
        Exit Status:
        bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs.
target: Set Readline key bindings and variables.
        
        Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a
        Readline variable.  The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to
        that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:
        e.g., bind '“\C-x\C-r”: re-read-init-file'.
        
        Options:
          -m  keymap         Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this
                             command.  Acceptable keymap names are emacs,
                             emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,
                             vi-command, and vi-insert.
          -l                 List names of functions.
          -P                 List function names and bindings.
          -p                 List functions and bindings in a form that can be
                             reused as input.
          -S                 List key sequences that invoke macros and their values
          -s                 List key sequences that invoke macros and their values
                             in a form that can be reused as input.
          -V                 List variable names and values
          -v                 List variable names and values in a form that can
                             be reused as input.
          -q  function-name  Query about which keys invoke the named function.
          -u  function-name  Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.
          -r  keyseq         Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.
          -f  filename       Read key bindings from FILENAME.
          -x  keyseq:shell-command	Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when
        				KEYSEQ is entered.
          -X                 List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands
                             in a form that can be reused as input.
        
        Exit Status:
        bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs.

en: Set and unset shell options.
        
        Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME.  Without any option
        arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each
        is set.
        
        Options:
          -o	restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o'
          -p	print each shell option with an indication of its status
          -q	suppress output
          -s	enable (set) each OPTNAME
          -u	disable (unset) each OPTNAME
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is
        given or OPTNAME is disabled.
target: Set and unset shell options.
        
        Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME.  Without any option
        arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each
        is set.
        
        Options:
          -o	restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with ‘set -o’
          -p	print each shell option with an indication of its status
          -q	suppress output
          -s	enable (set) each OPTNAME
          -u	disable (unset) each OPTNAME
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is
        given or OPTNAME is disabled.

en: Set export attribute for shell variables.
        
        Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently
        executed commands.  If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.
        
        Options:
          -f	refer to shell functions
          -n	remove the export property from each NAME
          -p	display a list of all exported variables and functions
        
        An argument of `--' disables further option processing.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.
target: Set export attribute for shell variables.
        
        Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently
        executed commands.  If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.
        
        Options:
          -f	refer to shell functions
          -n	remove the export property from each NAME
          -p	display a list of all exported variables and functions
        
        An argument of ‘--’ disables further option processing.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.

en: Set variable values and attributes.
        
        A synonym for `declare'.  See `help declare'.
target: Set variable values and attributes.
        
        A synonym for ‘declare’.  See ‘help declare’.

en: Set variable values and attributes.
        
        Declare variables and give them attributes.  If no NAMEs are given,
        display the attributes and values of all variables.
        
        Options:
          -f	restrict action or display to function names and definitions
          -F	restrict display to function names only (plus line number and
        		source file when debugging)
          -g	create global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise
        		ignored
          -p	display the attributes and value of each NAME
        
        Options which set attributes:
          -a	to make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)
          -A	to make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)
          -i	to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute
          -l	to convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment
          -n	make NAME a reference to the variable named by its value
          -r	to make NAMEs readonly
          -t	to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute
          -u	to convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment
          -x	to make NAMEs export
        
        Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.
        
        Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see
        the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.
        
        When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'
        command.  The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable
        assignment error occurs.
target: Set variable values and attributes.
        
        Declare variables and give them attributes.  If no NAMEs are given,
        display the attributes and values of all variables.
        
        Options:
          -f	restrict action or display to function names and definitions
          -F	restrict display to function names only (plus line number and
        		source file when debugging)
          -g	create global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise
        		ignored
          -p	display the attributes and value of each NAME
        
        Options which set attributes:
          -a	to make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)
          -A	to make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)
          -i	to make NAMEs have the ‘integer’ attribute
          -l	to convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment
          -n	make NAME a reference to the variable named by its value
          -r	to make NAMEs readonly
          -t	to make NAMEs have the ‘trace’ attribute
          -u	to convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment
          -x	to make NAMEs export
        
        Using ‘+’ instead of ‘-’ turns off the given attribute.
        
        Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see
        the ‘let’ command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.
        
        When used in a function, ‘declare’ makes NAMEs local, as with the ‘local’
        command.  The ‘-g’ option suppresses this behavior.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable
        assignment error occurs.

en: Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.
        
        For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed.  If no options
        are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that
        allows them to be reused as input.
        
        Options:
          -p	print existing completion specifications in a reusable format
          -r	remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no
        		NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications
          -D	apply the completions and actions as the default for commands
        		without any specific completion defined
          -E	apply the completions and actions to "empty" commands --
        		completion attempted on a blank line
        
        When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the
        uppercase-letter options are listed above.  The -D option takes
        precedence over -E.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.
target: Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.
        
        For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed.  If no options
        are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that
        allows them to be reused as input.
        
        Options:
          -p	print existing completion specifications in a reusable format
          -r	remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no
        		NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications
          -D	apply the completions and actions as the default for commands
        		without any specific completion defined
          -E	apply the completions and actions to “empty” commands --
        		completion attempted on a blank line
        
        When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the
        uppercase-letter options are listed above.  The -D option takes
        precedence over -E.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.

en: TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character
target: TIMEFORMAT: ‘%c’: invalid format character

en: These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.
    Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
    Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
    Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
    
    A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
target: These shell commands are defined internally.  Type ‘help’ to see this list.
    Type ‘help name’ to find out more about the function ‘name’.
    Use ‘info bash’ to find out more about the shell in general.
    Use ‘man -k’ or ‘info’ to find out more about commands not in this list.
    
    A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.

en: Trap signals and other events.
        
        Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals
        or other conditions.
        
        ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the
        signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC.  If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC
        is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original
        value.  If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the
        shell and by the commands it invokes.
        
        If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell.  If
        a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command.  If
        a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a
        script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing.  A SIGNAL_SPEC
        of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the
        shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.
        
        If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated
        with each signal.
        
        Options:
          -l	print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers
          -p	display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC
        
        Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.
        Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.  A
        signal may be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$".
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given.
target: Trap signals and other events.
        
        Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals
        or other conditions.
        
        ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the
        signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC.  If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC
        is supplied) or ‘-’, each specified signal is reset to its original
        value.  If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the
        shell and by the commands it invokes.
        
        If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell.  If
        a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command.  If
        a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a
        script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing.  A SIGNAL_SPEC
        of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the
        shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.
        
        If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated
        with each signal.
        
        Options:
          -l	print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers
          -p	display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC
        
        Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.
        Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.  A
        signal may be sent to the shell with “kill -signal $$”.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given.

en: Type `%s -c "help set"' for more information about shell options.
target: Type ‘%s -c “help set”’ for more information about shell options.

en: Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.
target: Type ‘%s -c help’ for more information about shell builtin commands.

en: Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.
        
        For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.
        
        Options:
          -f	treat each NAME as a shell function
          -v	treat each NAME as a shell variable
          -n	treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself
        		rather than the variable it references
        
        Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,
        tries to unset a function.
        
        Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only.
target: Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.
        
        For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.
        
        Options:
          -f	treat each NAME as a shell function
          -v	treat each NAME as a shell variable
          -n	treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself
        		rather than the variable it references
        
        Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,
        tries to unset a function.
        
        Some variables cannot be unset; also see ‘readonly’.
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only.

en: Use "%s" to leave the shell.
target: Use “%s” to leave the shell.

en: Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.
target: Use the ‘bashbug’ command to report bugs.

en: Write arguments to the standard output.
        
        Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a
        newline, on the standard output.
        
        Options:
          -n	do not append a newline
          -e	enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes
          -E	explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes
        
        `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:
          \a	alert (bell)
          \b	backspace
          \c	suppress further output
          \e	escape character
          \E	escape character
          \f	form feed
          \n	new line
          \r	carriage return
          \t	horizontal tab
          \v	vertical tab
          \\	backslash
          \0nnn	the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).  NNN can be
        		0 to 3 octal digits
          \xHH	the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal).  HH
        		can be one or two hex digits
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless a write error occurs.
target: Write arguments to the standard output.
        
        Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a
        newline, on the standard output.
        
        Options:
          -n	do not append a newline
          -e	enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes
          -E	explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes
        
        ‘echo’ interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:
          \a	alert (bell)
          \b	backspace
          \c	suppress further output
          \e	escape character
          \E	escape character
          \f	form feed
          \n	new line
          \r	carriage return
          \t	horizontal tab
          \v	vertical tab
          \\	backslash
          \0nnn	the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).  NNN can be
        		0 to 3 octal digits
          \xHH	the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal).  HH
        		can be one or two hex digits
        
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless a write error occurs.

en: `%c': bad command
target: ‘%c’: bad command

en: `%c': invalid format character
target: ‘%c’: invalid format character

en: `%c': invalid symbolic mode character
target: ‘%c’: invalid symbolic mode character

en: `%c': invalid symbolic mode operator
target: ‘%c’: invalid symbolic mode operator

en: `%c': invalid time format specification
target: ‘%c’: invalid time format specification

en: `%s': cannot unbind
target: ‘%s’: cannot unbind

en: `%s': invalid alias name
target: ‘%s’: invalid alias name

en: `%s': invalid keymap name
target: ‘%s’: invalid keymap name

en: `%s': invalid variable name for name reference
target: ‘%s’: invalid variable name for name reference

en: `%s': is a special builtin
target: ‘%s’: is a special builtin

en: `%s': missing format character
target: ‘%s’: missing format character

en: `%s': not a pid or valid job spec
target: ‘%s’: not a pid or valid job spec

en: `%s': not a valid identifier
target: ‘%s’: not a valid identifier

en: `%s': unknown function name
target: ‘%s’: unknown function name

en: `)' expected
target: ‘)’ expected

en: `)' expected, found %s
target: ‘)’ expected, found %s

en: `:' expected for conditional expression
target: ‘:’ expected for conditional expression

en: bad substitution: no closing "`" in %s
target: bad substitution: no closing “`” in %s

en: bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s
target: bad substitution: no closing ‘%s’ in %s

en: brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'
target: brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for ‘%s’

en: can only `return' from a function or sourced script
target: can only ‘return’ from a function or sourced script

en: cannot use `-f' to make functions
target: cannot use ‘-f’ to make functions

en: completion: function `%s' not found
target: completion: function ‘%s’ not found

en: cprintf: `%c': invalid format character
target: cprintf: ‘%c’: invalid format character

en: error importing function definition for `%s'
target: error importing function definition for ‘%s’

en: expected `)'
target: expected ‘)’

en: here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')
target: here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted ‘%s’)

en: make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range
target: make_redirection: redirection instruction ‘%d’ out of range

en: missing `)'
target: missing ‘)’

en: missing `]'
target: missing ‘]’

en: no `=' in exportstr for %s
target: no ‘=’ in exportstr for %s

en: no closing `%c' in %s
target: no closing ‘%c’ in %s

en: no help topics match `%s'.  Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'.
target: no help topics match ‘%s’.  Try ‘help help’ or ‘man -k %s’ or ‘info %s’.

en: no other options allowed with `-x'
target: no other options allowed with ‘-x’

en: not login shell: use `exit'
target: not login shell: use ‘exit’

en: only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop
target: only meaningful in a ‘for’, ‘while’, or ‘until’ loop

en: print_command: bad connector `%d'
target: print_command: bad connector ‘%d’

en: syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'
target: syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token ‘%s’

en: syntax error near `%s'
target: syntax error near ‘%s’

en: syntax error near unexpected token `%s'
target: syntax error near unexpected token ‘%s’

en: syntax error: `((%s))'
target: syntax error: ‘((%s))’

en: syntax error: `;' unexpected
target: syntax error: ‘;’ unexpected

en: unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'
target: unexpected EOF while looking for ‘]]’

en: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'
target: unexpected EOF while looking for matching ‘%c’

en: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'
target: unexpected EOF while looking for matching ‘)’

en: unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator
target: unexpected argument ‘%s’ to conditional binary operator

en: unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator
target: unexpected argument ‘%s’ to conditional unary operator

en: unexpected token `%c' in conditional command
target: unexpected token ‘%c’ in conditional command

en: unexpected token `%s' in conditional command
target: unexpected token ‘%s’ in conditional command

en: unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected
target: unexpected token ‘%s’, conditional binary operator expected

en: unexpected token `%s', expected `)'
target: unexpected token ‘%s’, expected ‘)’
