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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLCHEAT 1"
.TH PERLCHEAT 1 "2018-03-23" "perl v5.26.3" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.SH "NAME"
perlcheat \- Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 195 features may
already be overwhelming.
.SS "The sheet"
.IX Subsection "The sheet"
.Vb 10
\&  CONTEXTS  SIGILS  ref        ARRAYS        HASHES
\&  void      $scalar SCALAR     @array        %hash
\&  scalar    @array  ARRAY      @array[0, 2]  @hash{\*(Aqa\*(Aq, \*(Aqb\*(Aq}
\&  list      %hash   HASH       $array[0]     $hash{\*(Aqa\*(Aq}
\&            &sub    CODE
\&            *glob   GLOB       SCALAR VALUES
\&                    FORMAT     number, string, ref, glob, undef
\&  REFERENCES
\&  \e      reference       $$foo[1]       aka $foo\->[1]
\&  $@%&*  dereference     $$foo{bar}     aka $foo\->{bar}
\&  []     anon. arrayref  ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo\->[1]\->[2]
\&  {}     anon. hashref   ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo\->[1][2]
\&  \e()    list of refs
\&                         SYNTAX
\&  OPERATOR PRECEDENCE    foreach (LIST) { }     for (a;b;c) { }
\&  \->                     while   (e) { }        until (e)   { }
\&  ++ \-\-                  if      (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
\&  **                     unless  (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
\&  ! ~ \e u+ u\-            given   (e) { when (e) {} default {} }
\&  =~ !~
\&  * / % x                 NUMBERS vs STRINGS  FALSE vs TRUE
\&  + \- .                   =          =        undef, "", 0, "0"
\&  << >>                   +          .        anything else
\&  named uops              == !=      eq ne
\&  < > <= >= lt gt le ge   < > <= >=  lt gt le ge
\&  == != <=> eq ne cmp ~~  <=>        cmp
\&  &
\&  | ^             REGEX MODIFIERS       REGEX METACHARS
\&  &&              /i case insensitive   ^      string begin
\&  || //           /m line based ^$      $      str end (bfr \en)
\&  .. ...          /s . includes \en      +      one or more
\&  ?:              /x /xx ign. wh.space  *      zero or more
\&  = += last goto  /p preserve           ?      zero or one
\&  , =>            /a ASCII    /aa safe  {3,7}  repeat in range
\&  list ops        /l locale   /d  dual  |      alternation
\&  not             /u Unicode            []     character class
\&  and             /e evaluate /ee rpts  \eb     boundary
\&  or xor          /g global             \ez     string end
\&                  /o compile pat once   ()     capture
\&  DEBUG                                 (?:p)  no capture
\&  \-MO=Deparse     REGEX CHARCLASSES     (?#t)  comment
\&  \-MO=Terse       .   [^\en]             (?=p)  ZW pos ahead
\&  \-D##            \es  whitespace        (?!p)  ZW neg ahead
\&  \-d:Trace        \ew  word chars        (?<=p) ZW pos behind \eK
\&                  \ed  digits            (?<!p) ZW neg behind
\&  CONFIGURATION   \epP named property    (?>p)  no backtrack
\&  perl \-V:ivsize  \eh  horiz.wh.space    (?|p|p)branch reset
\&                  \eR  linebreak         (?<n>p)named capture
\&                  \eS \eW \eD \eH negate    \eg{n}  ref to named cap
\&                                        \eK     keep left part
\&  FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
\&  stat      localtime    caller         SPECIAL VARIABLES
\&   0 dev    0 second      0 package     $_    default variable
\&   1 ino    1 minute      1 filename    $0    program name
\&   2 mode   2 hour        2 line        $/    input separator
\&   3 nlink  3 day         3 subroutine  $\e    output separator
\&   4 uid    4 month\-1     4 hasargs     $|    autoflush
\&   5 gid    5 year\-1900   5 wantarray   $!    sys/libcall error
\&   6 rdev   6 weekday     6 evaltext    $@    eval error
\&   7 size   7 yearday     7 is_require  $$    process ID
\&   8 atime  8 is_dst      8 hints       $.    line number
\&   9 mtime                9 bitmask     @ARGV command line args
\&  10 ctime               10 hinthash    @INC  include paths
\&  11 blksz               3..10 only     @_    subroutine args
\&  12 blcks               with EXPR      %ENV  environment
.Ve
.SH "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.
.PP
A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Juerd Waalboer <#####@juerd.nl>, with the help of many Perl Monks.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602> \- the original \s-1PM\s0 post
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031> \- Damian Conway's Perl 6 version
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat> \- home of the Perl Cheat Sheet
